ÇANAKKALE ZAFERİ VE HATIRLATTIKLARI

<p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">T&uuml;rk-Osmanlı devleti batıdaki akılcı bilim ve teknolojik gelişmelerden uzak i&ccedil; &ccedil;ekişme sorunu yaşar. İslamcılık, T&uuml;rk&ccedil;&uuml;l&uuml;k, Osmanlıcılık ve Arap&ccedil;ılık akımları y&ouml;neticileri ve aydınları arayışa itiyor, devlet politikalarını, halkın gelişmesini, &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;m arayışını kilitliyordu.</span></span></p> <p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p> <strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">T&uuml;rk-Osmanlı imparatorluğunda;</span></span></strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;"> y&uuml;zyıllar boyunca Dar&uuml;lf&uuml;nun dışında &uuml;niversite yoktu. Anadolu&rsquo;da, yabancı okullarla azınlıklar &ccedil;ağdaş eğitim alırken, M&uuml;sl&uuml;man halk eğitimi tarikatlara, cemaatlere bırakılmış, tekke ve zaviyelerde sadece din eğitimi alıyordu. T&uuml;rkiye doğal olarak sanayileşemedi, kalkınamadı.</span></span></p> <p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p> <strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">Avrupalılar;</span></span></strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;"> mezhep din savaşlarını geride bırakmış, reform ve r&ouml;nesansla aydınlanma ile akıl-bilim-sanat-teknoloji odaklı d&uuml;ş&uuml;nce ve yaşama y&ouml;nelmiş, d&uuml;nya&rsquo;yı s&ouml;m&uuml;rgeleştirmenin getirdiği zenginleşme ve sanayileşme ile refahını artırmış, askeri g&uuml;c&uuml;n&uuml; y&uuml;kseltmişti. </span></span></p> <p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p> <strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">Osmanlı paylaşım anlaşmaları gereği batılı g&uuml;&ccedil;ler</span></span></strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">; donanmayla &Ccedil;anakkale&rsquo;den girerken, kara birlikleri Bulgaristan, Filistin, Mısır-Irak cephelerinde savaş a&ccedil;ar.</span></span></p> <p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p> <strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">Balkan, Trablusgarp, Filistin savaşları ile b&uuml;t&uuml;n cephelerde savaşan T&uuml;rkler</span></span></strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">; b&uuml;y&uuml;k bir moral &ccedil;&ouml;k&uuml;nt&uuml;s&uuml;ne girer, şehitler, yaralılar, esirler artar, T&uuml;rk silahlı g&uuml;c&uuml; dağıtılır.</span></span></p> <p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">İşte bu s&uuml;re&ccedil;te yapılan </span><strong><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&Ccedil;anakkale savaşları (18 Mart 1915 deniz, 25 Nisan 1915 Kara Savaşları) yeni bir dirilişin destansı kahramanlığıdır.</span></strong><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;"> T&uuml;rk&rsquo;&uuml;n zaferi ile d&uuml;şman kuvvetleri 8/9 Ocak 1916&rsquo;de Gelibolu&rsquo;yu terk eder.</span></span></p> <p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">Ancak Osmanlı ile İtilaf Devletleri arasında imzalanan </span><strong><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">Mondros Bırakışması</span></strong><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;"> ile I. D&uuml;nya Savaşı&#39;nın bu &uuml;lkeler arasında sona erdiğinin ilan edilmesinin ardından, yine aynı </span><strong><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">işgal g&uuml;&ccedil;leri</span></strong><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;"> İngiliz-Fransız donanması bu kez </span><strong><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">7 Kasım&#39;da &Ccedil;anakkale&rsquo;yi ge&ccedil;er</span></strong><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;"> ve 13 Kasım 1918&#39;de Osmanlı Devleti&#39;nin başkenti İstanbul işgal edilir. 465 yıllık başkente ilk kez yabancılar askeriyle girer, T&uuml;rk Milleti esaretle tanışır.</span></span></p> <p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p> <strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">İşgal s&uuml;recinde;</span></span></strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;"> İttihat&ccedil;ılar yargılanır, Mondros ve Malta&#39;ya s&uuml;rg&uuml;ne g&ouml;nderilir. Ordu, anlaşma h&uuml;k&uuml;mlerince terhis edilir. İşgalciler tarafından resmi ve sivil bir&ccedil;ok y&ouml;netici, askeri, aydını savaş su&ccedil;lusu ilan ederek tutuklanır, s&uuml;rg&uuml;ne g&ouml;nderilir.</span></span></p> <p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p> <strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">18 Ocak 1919&#39;da Paris Barış Konferansı&#39;nda</span></span></strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;"> m&uuml;ttefikler Suriye, Irak, Filistin, Arabistan&#39;ın Osmanlı&#39;dan ayrılmasını kararlaştırırlar. </span><strong><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">10 Ağustos 1920</span></strong><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&#39;de Sevr anlaşması yapılır.</span><span><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&nbsp; </span></span></span></p> <p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p> <strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">İşgalciler İstanbul&#39;u işgal edince;</span></span></strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;"> b&uuml;t&uuml;n devlet binalarını ve karakolları denetim altına alırlar. Meclisi basarak milletvekillerinin bir kısmını tutuklayıp, bir kısmını s&uuml;rg&uuml;ne g&ouml;nderirler. Bir kısmı da ka&ccedil;arak Anadolu&#39;ya ge&ccedil;ip, bağımsızlık m&uuml;cadelesine katılırlar.</span></span></p> <p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">Erzurum &ndash;Sivas kongreleri sonrası </span><strong><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">23 Nisan 1920&rsquo;de</span></strong><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;"> Ankara&rsquo;da Mustafa Kemal liderliğinde meclis toplanır. Bağımsızlık i&ccedil;in kurtuluş savaşı kararı alınır.</span></span></p> <p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p> <strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">23 Ağustos-13 Eyl&uuml;l 1921</span></span></strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;"> arasında yapılan Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi Kurtuluş Savaşı&#39;nın d&ouml;n&uuml;m noktası sayılır. </span><strong><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">13 Eyl&uuml;l 1683 g&uuml;n&uuml; Viyana&#39;da başlayan &ccedil;ekilme, 238 sene sonra Sakarya&#39;da durdurulur.</span></strong></span></p> <p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p> <strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">Kurtuluş Savaşı&#39;nın son evresi;</span></span></strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;</span></span><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">26 Ağustos 1922&rsquo;de başlar, 30 Ağustos Başkomutanlık Meydan savaşı/ Dumlupınar Meydan savaşı kazanılır. 9 Eyl&uuml;l 1922&#39;de T&uuml;rk Ordusu&#39;nun İzmir&#39;e girmesiyle </span><strong><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">Kesin T&uuml;rk zaferi</span></strong><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;"> ile sonu&ccedil;lanır. </span></span></p> <p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p> <strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">24 Temmuz 1923&rsquo;de Ankara h&uuml;k&uuml;meti ile</span></span></strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;"> Birleşik Krallık, Fransa, İtalya, Japonya, Yunanistan, Romanya, Bulgaristan, Portekiz, Bel&ccedil;ika ve Yugoslavya temsilcilerince </span><strong><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">İsvi&ccedil;re&#39;nin Lozan şehrinde</span></strong><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;"> barış antlaşması imzalanır. T&uuml;rkiye&rsquo;nin bağımsızlığı tanınır.</span></span></p> <p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">6 Ekim 1923&#39;de </span><strong><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">İşgal,</span></strong><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;"> İstanbul&#39;un Kurtuluşu ile sona erer. </span></span></p> <p> <strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">29 Ekim 1923&rsquo;de Cumhuriyetin ilanı ile modern T&uuml;rkiye kurulur.</span></span></strong></p> <p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p> <strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&Ccedil;anakkale deniz ve kara savaşları ile elde edilen zaferler;</span></span></strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;"> T&uuml;rk askerine moral olmuş, daha sonraki devletin dağılma ve İstanbul&rsquo;un işgaliyle başlayan dağılma s&uuml;reci sonrası kurtuluş savaşı verilmesinin de başlangı&ccedil; &ccedil;ıkışı olmuştur.</span></span></p> <p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p> <strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&Ccedil;anakkale deniz ve kara savaşları</span></span></strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">; lider ve kadrolarını da ortaya &ccedil;ıkarır. Mustafa Kemal ve silah arkadaşlarının kurtuluş savaşı m&uuml;cadelesini vermelerinde ve &ccedil;ağdaş-akıl-bilim-teknoloji ile kalkınma m&uuml;cadelesine zemin teşkil eder.</span></span></p> <p> <span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p> <strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;">18 Mart &Ccedil;anakkale zaferimizin yıl d&ouml;n&uuml;m&uuml; ve Şehitler G&uuml;n&uuml;&#39;nde;</span></span></strong><span data-mce-style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"><span data-mce-style="color: #000000;" style="color: #000000;"> bayrağı, g&ouml;revi ve kutsal bildiği vatanı uğruna korkusuzca canlarını veren aziz şehitlerimizi, gazilerimizi, Gazi Mustafa Kemal ATAT&Uuml;RK ve silah arkadaşlarını rahmet, ş&uuml;kran ve minnetle anıyorum.</span></span></p>